Planning with Expectation Models

Planning with Expectation Models

Yi Wan, Muhammad Zaheer, Adam White, Martha White, Richard S. Sutton

Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Main track. Pages 3649-3655. https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/506

Distribution and sample models are two popular model choices in model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL). However, learning these models can be intractable, particularly when the state and action spaces are large. Expectation models, on the other hand, are relatively easier to learn due to their compactness and have also been widely used for deterministic environments. For stochastic environments, it is not obvious how expectation models can be used for planning as they only partially characterize a distribution. In this paper, we propose a sound way of using approximate expectation models for MBRL. In particular, we 1) show that planning with an expectation model is equivalent to planning with a distribution model if the state value function is linear in state features, 2) analyze two common parametrization choices for approximating the expectation: linear and non-linear expectation models, 3) propose a sound model-based policy evaluation algorithm and present its convergence results, and 4) empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed planning algorithm. 
Keywords:
Machine Learning: Reinforcement Learning
Planning and Scheduling: Planning Algorithms