Behavior of Analogical Inference w.r.t. Boolean Functions

Behavior of Analogical Inference w.r.t. Boolean Functions

Miguel Couceiro, Nicolas Hug, Henri Prade, Gilles Richard

Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Main track. Pages 2057-2063. https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/284

It has been observed that a particular form of analogical inference, based on analogical proportions, yields competitive results in classification tasks. Using the algebraic normal form of Boolean functions, it has been shown that analogical prediction is always exact iff the labeling function is affine. We point out that affine functions are also meaningful when using another view of analogy. We address the accuracy of analogical inference for arbitrary Boolean functions and show that if a function is epsilon-close to an affine function, then the probability of making a wrong prediction is upper bounded by 4 epsilon. This result is confirmed by an empirical study showing that the upper bound is tight. It highlights the specificity of analogical inference, also characterized in terms of the Hamming distance.
Keywords:
Machine Learning: Classification
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Qualitative Reasoning