Coloring Graph Neural Networks for Node Disambiguation

Coloring Graph Neural Networks for Node Disambiguation

George Dasoulas, Ludovic Dos Santos, Kevin Scaman, Aladin Virmaux

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Main track. Pages 2126-2132. https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/294

In this paper, we show that a simple coloring scheme can improve, both theoretically and empirically, the expressive power of Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs). More specifically, we introduce a graph neural network called Colored Local Iterative Procedure (CLIP) that uses colors to disambiguate identical node attributes, and show that this representation is a universal approximator of continuous functions on graphs with node attributes. Our method relies on separability, a key topological characteristic that allows to extend well-chosen neural networks into universal representations. Finally, we show experimentally that CLIP is capable of capturing structural characteristics that traditional MPNNs fail to distinguish, while being state-of-the-art on benchmark graph classification datasets.
Keywords:
Machine Learning: Deep Learning
Machine Learning: Relational Learning
Data Mining: Mining Graphs, Semi Structured Data, Complex Data