Choosing Well Your Opponents: How to Guide the Synthesis of Programmatic Strategies

Choosing Well Your Opponents: How to Guide the Synthesis of Programmatic Strategies

Rubens O. Moraes, David S. Aleixo, Lucas N. Ferreira, Levi H. S. Lelis

Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Main Track. Pages 4847-4854. https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/539

This paper introduces Local Learner (2L), an algorithm for providing a set of reference strategies to guide the search for programmatic strategies in two-player zero-sum games. Previous learning algorithms, such as Iterated Best Response (IBR), Fictitious Play (FP), and Double-Oracle (DO), can be computationally expensive or miss important information for guiding search algorithms. 2L actively selects a set of reference strategies to improve the search signal. We empirically demonstrate the advantages of our approach while guiding a local search algorithm for synthesizing strategies in three games, including MicroRTS, a challenging real-time strategy game. Results show that 2L learns reference strategies that provide a stronger search signal than IBR, FP, and DO. We also simulate a tournament of MicroRTS, where a synthesizer using 2L outperformed the winners of the two latest MicroRTS competitions, which were programmatic strategies written by human programmers.
Keywords:
Multidisciplinary Topics and Applications: MDA: Computer games
Agent-based and Multi-agent Systems: MAS: Multi-agent learning
Search: S: Local search
Machine Learning: ML: Symbolic methods