KIPPO: Koopman-Inspired Proximal Policy Optimization
KIPPO: Koopman-Inspired Proximal Policy Optimization
Andrei Cozma, Landon Harris, Hairong Qi
Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Main Track. Pages 4994-5002.
https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/556
Reinforcement Learning (RL) has made significant strides in various domains, and policy gradient methods like Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) have gained popularity due to their balance in performance, training stability, and computational efficiency. These methods directly optimize policies through gradient-based updates. However, developing effective control policies for environments with complex and non-linear dynamics remains a challenge. High variance in gradient estimates and non-convex optimization landscapes often lead to unstable learning trajectories. Koopman Operator Theory has emerged as a powerful framework for studying non-linear systems through an infinite-dimensional linear operator that acts on a higher-dimensional space of measurement functions. In contrast with their non-linear counterparts, linear systems are simpler, more predictable, and easier to analyze. In this paper, we present Koopman-Inspired Proximal Policy Optimization (KIPPO), which learns an approximately linear latent-space representation of the underlying system’s dynamics while retaining essential features for effective policy learning. This is achieved through a Koopman-approximation auxiliary network that can be added to the baseline policy optimization algorithms without altering the architecture of the core policy or value function. Extensive experimental results demonstrate consistent improvements over the PPO baseline with 6–60% increased performance while reducing variability by up to 91% when evaluated on various continuous control tasks.
Keywords:
Machine Learning: ML: Reinforcement learning
Machine Learning: ML: Deep learning architectures
Machine Learning: ML: Model-based and model learning reinforcement learning
Machine Learning: ML: Representation learning
