Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (I)

IJCAI-77 Contents Vol 1

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, USA

AUGUST 22 - 25 , 1977

NATURAL LANGUAGE -1 (M,C)

Ms. Maloprop, A Language Comprehension Program

E. Charniak  1

How to Learn/What to Learn 

R. C. Schank & M.Selfridge 8

PAM — A Program That Infers Intentions 

R. Wilensky  15

Skimming Newspaper Stories by Computer 

Gerald DeJong    16

Controlling Inference in Story Understanding

R. E. Cullingford  17

NATURAL LANGUAGE - 2 (M,D)

Shortfall and Density Scoring Strategies for Speech Understanding Control 

W. A. woods     18 

W. A. Woods Focus of Attention in the Hearsay-II Speech Understanding System

F. Hayes-Roth & V. R. Lesser  27

Procedures for Integrating Knowledge in a Speech Understanding System 

D. E. Walker, W. H. Paxton, B. J. Grosz,  G. G. Hendrix, A. E. Robinson, J. J. Robinson & J. Slocum  36

NATURAL LANGUAGE - 3 (T,A)

Levels of Complexity in Discourse for Anaphora Disambiguation and Speech Act Interpretation 

C. Bullwinkle  43

The Use of a Semantic Network in a Deductive Question-Answering System

J. R. McSkimin & J. Minker  50

A Deductive Question Answering System on Relational Data Bases

K. Furukawa  59

NATURAL LANGUAGE - 4 (T,C)

The Representation and Use of Focus in a System for Understanding Dialogs

 B. J. Grosz  67

A Comprehension Model for Human Dialogue 

W. C. Mann, J. A. Moore & J. A.  77

Modelling Simple Dialogs 

Mary Katherine Horrigan  88

Making Inferences in Natural Language Dialogs

Charles L Hedrick    89

Using Process Knowledge in Understanding Task-Oriented Dialogs

 B. J. Grosz, G. G. Hendrix & A. E. Robinson  90

NATURAL LANGUAGE - 5 (LP)

TALE-SPIN, An Interactive Program that Writes Storie6 

J. R. Meehan   91

On Semantic Nets, Frames and Associations

Phillip J. Hayes    99

Frames-based Text Processing

S. Rosenberg COMEX:  108 

A Commodities Support System

J. Stansfield   109

NATURAL LANGUAGE - 6 (W,A)

Coherence and Interpretation in English Texts 

J. R. Hobbs 110

Automatic Abstracting of Textual Material

S. L Taylor, G. K. Krulee & L T. Henschen   117

Overview of 'Planning Speech Acts'

C. R. Perrault & P. R. Kohen   119

The Generation of Continuous Semantic Constraints from Semantic Propositions

G. C. Oden  120

NATURAL LANGUAGE - 7 (w,C)

Anaphora and Logical Form: On Formal Meaning Representations for Natural Language

B. Nash-Webber & R. Reiter Conceptual 121

Analysis of Noun Groups in English

A. V. Gershman   132

A Note on Representing Adjectives and Adverbs

Nike Cercone 139

From Conversations to Stories: An Analysis of Differences Between Oral and Written Language Comprehension  

A. D. Rubin & B.   141

BruceLanguage Generation: The Linguistics Component

D. D. McDonald   142

Generating Noun Phrases to Identify Nodes in a Semantic Network

G. E. Heidorn 143

NATURAL LANGUAGE -1 (W,D)

Writing a Natural Language Data Base System

D. L. Waltz & B. A. Goodman  144

Knowledge Structures and Language Boundaries

Y. Wilks   151

A Conceptual Theory of Question Answering

W. G. Lehnert   158

NATURAL LANGUAGE - 9 (H,A)

Maximal Consistent Interpretations of Errorful Data in Hierarchically Modeled Domains

M. S. Fox & D. J. Mostow FOUL-UP: 165

A Program that Figures Out Meanings of Words from Context

R. H. GrangerQ 172

A Simplified Heuristic Version of Raviv's Algorithm for Using Context in Text Recognition

R. Schinghal, D. Rosenberg & G. T. Toussaint 179

Two Semantic Worlds: A Data Base System with Provision for Natural Language Input

P. DelPOrco, M. King & V. N. Spadavecchia  181

NATURAL LANPUAPE-IP (H,C)

Human Engineering for Applied Natural Language Processing

G. G. Hendrix   183

Advantages of a Transformational Grammar for Question Answering

F. J. Damerau   192

Augmenting ATNST

Finin & G. Hadden  193

The Use of Dynamically Extracted Context for Anaphoric Reference Resolution

D. Klappholz & A. Lockman 194

Presupposition-Based AI Natural Language System

V. Raskin   195

REPRESENTATION OF KNOWLEDGE - 1 (M,D)

Language Access to Distributed Data with Error Recovery 

E. D. Sacerdoti  196

Deductive Methods for Large Data Bases  

C. Kellogg, P. Klahr & L. Travis  203

SPARK: A System for Parallel Representation of Knowledge

G. A. Wilson  210

Approximate Responses from a Data Base Query System: An Application of Inferencing in Natural Language

A. K. Joshi, S. J. Kaplan & R. M. Lee  211

REPRESENTATION OF KNOWLEDGE - 2 (T,A)

Experience with KRL-0: One Cycle of a Knowledge Representation Language

D. G. Bobrow, T. Winograd & KRL research group  213

Reasoning About Knowledge and Action  

R. C. Moore  223

A State Logic for the Representation of Natural Language Based Intelligent Systems

C. B. Schwind    228

On the Model Theory of Knowledge

J. McCarthy, M. Sato, T. Hayashi & S. Igarashi--NA

REPRESENTATION OF KNOWLEDGE - 3 (T,D)

Vocabularies for Problem Solver State Descriptions

D. McDermott  229

A Network-Based Knowledge Representation and Its Natural Deduction System

R. Fikes & G. G. Hendrix  235

Truth Maintenance Systems for Problem Solving 

J. Doyle 247

 A Structure for the Representation of Knowledge: A Proposal for a Micro-Actor  

H. Ogawa & K. Tanaka    248

REPRESENTATION OF KNOWLEDGE - 4 (W,A)

The Declarative Representation and Procedural Simulation of Causality in Physical Mechanisms

C. Rieger & M. Grinberg  250

NUDGE: A Knowledge-Based Scheduling Program

I. P. Goldstein & R. B. Roberts  257

A Procedural Model of Recognition 

W. S. Havens  264

Representation of Actions That Have Side-Effects 

N. S. Sridharan & F. Hawrusik  265

REPRESENTATION OF KNOWLEDGE - 5 (W,C)

Inferences in Quantified Semantic Networks  

R. F. Simmons & D. Chester    267

IRIS: A System for the Propogation of Inferences in a Semantic Net

M. Trigoboff & C. A. Kulikowski-NA  274

Towards a Combined Representation for Spacial and Temporal Reference

N. K. Sondheimer 

An Overview of a Procedural Approach to Semantic Networks  

H. J. Levesque & J. Mylopoulos    283

Representing Numbers in Semantic Networks: Prolegomena   

S. C. Shapiro   284

Specification Overlays: An Application of Partitioned Semantic Networks  

R. L. Young     285

REPRESENTATION OF KNOWLEDGE - 6 (W,D)

Representations of Knowledge in a Program for Solving Physics Problems 

G. 5. Novak  286

Modelling Spatial Knowledge 

B. Kuipers  292

Multiple Representations of Knowledge in a Mechanics Problem-Solver 

J. de Kleer  299

KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION - | (T,A)

Version Spaces: A Candidate Elimination Approach to Rule Learning 

T. M. Mitchell  305

Annotated Production Systems: A Model for Skill Acquisition

I. P. Goldstein & E. Grimson  311

Knowledge Guided Learning of Structural Descriptions 

M. S. Fox & R. Reddy  318

A System of Programs for Computer-Aided Induction: A Summary 

R. S. Michalski  319

KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION - 2 (W,A)

Interactive Transfer of Expertise: Acquisition of New Inference Rules 

R. Davis  321

The Reformulation Approach to Building Expert Systems 

W. S. Mark  329

An Interactive Program for Conversational Elecitation of Decision Structures 

A. Leal & J. Pearl  336

Problems in Building an Instructable Production System

M. Rychener, C. Forgy, P. W. Langley, J. McDermott, A. Newell & K. Ramakrishna  337

KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION - 3 (W,C)

A Model for learning Systems  

Raid G.Smith  Tom M Mitchel  337 

BACON: A Production System That Discovers Empirical Laws 

P. W. Langley  344

Analogical Reasoning in Problem Solving 

D. T. Chen & N. V. Findler  345

Learning Simple Arithmetic 

P. Brazdil  346

Concept Decomposition as a Method of Concept Formation

E. Towster  347

Analysis of an Extended Concept-Learning Task 

R. M. Young, G. D. Plotkin & R. F. Linz   348

KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION : 4 (W,D)

Induction of Relational Productions in the Presence of Background Information 

S. A. Vere    349

Knowledge Acquisition from Structural Descriptions 

F. Hayes-Roth & J. McDermott  356

Strategies for Mechanizing Structural Induction 

R. Aubin  363

AIDS TO PROGRAMMING - 1 (T,A)

Modelling Distributed Systems 

A. Yonezawa & C. Hewitt  370

Understanding and Improving LISP Programs 

H. Wertz    377

Automatic Program Annotation 

N. Dershowitz    378

Toward Automatic Debugging of Compilers 

H. Samet    379

AIDS TO PROGRAMMING - 2 (T,C)

A Summary of the PSI Program Synthesis System 

C. Green  380

A Knowledge-Based System for Automatic Program Construction 

D. Barstow   382

Informality in Program Specifications 

R. Balzer, N. Goldman & D. Wile  389

Meta-Evaluation as a Tool for Program Understanding 

R. Balzer, N. Goldman & D. Wile  398

The Use of a Domain Model in Understanding Informal Process Descriptions 

N. Goldman, R. Balzer & D. Wile   404

AIDS TO PROGRAMMING - 3 (H,D)

The Automatic Synthesis of Systems of Recursive Programs

Z. Manna & R. Waldinger  405

SISP/1: An Interactive System Able to Synthesize Functions from Examples

J.-P. Jouannaud, G. Guiho & J.-P. Treuil  412

Predicate Logic: A Calculus for the Formal Derivation of Programs

K. Clark & S. Sickel    419

PROBLEM-SOLVING AND SEARCH - 1 (M,D)

EG -- A Case Study in Problem Solving with King and Pawn Endings 

C. Perdue & H. J. Berliner    421

Experiences in Evaluation with BKG - A Program that Plays Backgammon 

H. J. Berliner    428

PROBLEM-SOLVING AND SEARCH - 2 (W,C)

Exactly How Good Are Heuristics?: Toward a Realistic Predictive Theory of Best-First Search 

J. Gaschnig    434

A Comparsion of Three Problem-Solving Methods 

R. B. Banerji & G. W. Ernst   442

A Theory for the Complete Mechanization of a GPS-Type Problem Solver  

R. B. Banerji & G. W. Ernst   450

A General Backtrack Algorithm That Eliminates Most Redundant Tests

J. Gaschnig    457

Generality and Computational Cost 

A. Rosenfeld   458

PROBLEM-SOLVING AND SEARCH - 3 (W,D)

WHISPER: A Problem-Solving System Utilizing Diagrams and a Parallel Processing Retina

B. V. Funt  459

The Role of Preprocessing in Problem Solving Systems 

C. Dawson & L. Siklossy    465

The Contract Net: A Formalism for the Control of Distributed Problem Solving 

R. G. Smith    472

PROBLEM-SOLVING AND SEARCH - 4 (H,C)

Planning in the World of the Air Traffic Controller 

R. B. Wesson  473

Plan Recognition Using A Hypothesize and Revise Paradigm 

C. F. Schmidt & N. S- Sridharan    480

Subgoal Protection and Unravelling During Plan Synthesis 

C. Rieger & P. London    487

Using and Re-Using Partial Plans 

P. R. Davis & R. T. Chien    494

The Coordination of Multiple Goal Satisfaction 

A. M. Farley  495

PROBLEM-SOLVING AND SEARCH - 5 (H,D)

Can Domain Specific Knowledge Be Generalized? 

A. Bundy  496

ThingLab -- An Object-Oriented System for Building Simulations Using Constraints

A. Borning  497

Failure Handling in a Dialogue System 

G. P. Brown  TROPIC:  499

A General-Purpose Design Problem Solver Applying Domain-Specific Heuristics

J. Latombe--NA

Representing Semantic Information In Pulley Problems

G. F. Luger Si A. Bundy  500

THEOREM PROVING - I (M,C)

Set Variables

W. W. Bledsoe    501

A Lemma Driven Automatic Theorem Prover for Recursive Function Theory 

R. S. Boyer & J. S. Moore    511

Improving the Efficiency of Higher Order Unification 

J. L. Darlington  520

An Algorithm for Reasoning About Equality 

R. E. Shostak    526

Unification of ldempotent Functions

S. Kuhner, C. Mathis, P. Raulefs & J. Siekmann    528

THEOREM PROVING - 2 (M,D)

A Hierarchical Approach to Theorem-Proving 

M. C. Harrison  529

A Theorem Prover for Elementary Set Theory 

F. M. Brown  534

Theorem Proving by Covering Expressions

L. J. Henschen Si W. M. Evangelist  541

Theorem Proving with Structure Sharing and Efficient Unification 

A. Martelli & U. Montanari  543

THEOREM PROVING- 3 (T,C)

Formal Grammars as Models of Logic Derivations 

S. Sickel    544

A Proof-Checker for Dynamic Logic 

S. D. Litvintchouk & V. R. Pratt  552

In Defense of Logic 

Pat J. Hayes  559

Theorem Proving in Type Theory 

P. B. Andrews & E. L Cohen  566

A Mechanized Proof Procedure for Free Intensional Logics

R. D. Gumb    567

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